Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea del 20/3/2023 - Comunicaciones e Informaciones
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Source: Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea - Comunicaciones e Informaciones
C 103/2
EN
Official Journal of the European Union
20.3.2023
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New operational challenges also call for additional services in the future electricity system e.g. for balancing and non-frequency ancillary services 6 to ensure stability and reliability and ultimately security of electricity supply.
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Different technologies can provide the energy system with the necessary flexibility, such as energy storage, demand response, supply-side flexibility and interconnections. In particular, different energy storage technologies e.g.
mechanical, thermal, electrical, electro-chemical and chemical can provide diverse services on different scales and at different timeframes. For example, thermal storage, in particular large thermal storage in district heating systems, can provide flexibility and balancing services to the electricity grid and therefore provides a cost-saving system integration solution by absorbing variable renewable electricity production e.g. wind and solar energy. In addition, energy storage technologies can be a technical solution to provide stability and reliability.
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Energy storage in the electricity system is defined in Article 259 of Directive EU 2019/944 of the European Parliament and of the Council 7 covering different technologies. Directive EU 2019/944 addresses the participation of energy storage in the electricity market, including the provision of flexibility services on a level playing field with other energy resources.
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Beyond the electricity system, the storage of energy, such as thermal storage, can contribute to the energy system in multiple ways. For example, energy storage that complements renewable heating and cooling generators as part of individual and district heating systems allows a higher proportion of heating demand to be covered by variable and low-temperature renewable sources, such as shallow geothermal, solar thermal and ambient energy. Promoting these renewable heating systems is essential to shift away from fossil fuel-based heating systems, in particular in buildings.
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Energy storage can play a crucial role in decarbonising the energy system, contributing to energy system integration and security of supply. A decarbonised energy system will require significant investment in storage capacity of all forms. Energy storage technologies can facilitate the electrification of different economic sectors, notably buildings and transport. For example, through the uptake of electric vehicles and their participation in the balancing of the electricity grid via demand response e.g. by absorbing excess electricity in times of high renewable generation and low demand. The energy stored in electric vehicle batteries can also be effectively used to power homes and help stabilise the grid.
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Energy storage, in particular behind the meter, can help consumers, both households and industries, to maximise self-consumption of self-produced renewable energy, making it possible for these consumers to reduce their energy bills.
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For energy systems that are less or not interconnected, such as islands, remote areas or the EUs outermost regions flexibility resources, notably energy storage, can significantly help to move away from imported fossil fuels and manage high levels of short-term and seasonal variability in renewable energy supply.
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Energy storage faces a number of challenges that can affect its deployment to the levels necessary to significantly support the energy transition. Some of these challenges are related to a need for long-term visibility and predictability of revenues to facilitate access to finance.
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The Union electricity market is designed to already allow energy storage to participate in all electricity markets. This provides a basis to combine different revenue streams revenue stacking in order to support the viability of the storage business model and allow the maximum added value of energy storage for the energy system.
6 As defined in Article 245 and 249 of Directive EU 2019/944 OJ L 158, 14.6.2019, p. 125.
7 Directive EU 2019/944 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 June 2019 on common rules for the internal market for electricity and amending Directive 2012/27/EU OJ L158, 14.6.2019, p.125.
